Chains for Saws: A Comprehensive Guide to Selection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting

Chainsaws are versatile and powerful tools that are indispensable for various tasks, ranging from forestry and construction to home maintenance and DIY projects. The performance and longevity of a chainsaw largely depend on the condition of its chain. Therefore, selecting the right chain, maintaining it properly, and being able to troubleshoot common issues are crucial aspects of chainsaw ownership.

Types of Chains for Saws

Chainsaws utilize different types of chains, each designed for specific applications. The most common types include:

1. Chisel Chains: Chisel chains are characterized by their sharp, angular cutting teeth that provide a fast and efficient cut. They are ideal for heavy-duty applications such as felling trees and cutting thick logs.

   

2. Semi-Chisel Chains: Semi-chisel chains have less aggressive cutting teeth than chisel chains. They offer a smoother cut and are better suited for precision tasks like limbing and pruning.

3. Crosscut Chains: Crosscut chains have teeth designed for cutting across the grain of wood. They are commonly used for firewood cutting and construction projects.

Choosing the Right Chain for Your Saw

Selecting the appropriate chain for your chainsaw involves considering several factors:

1. Chain Pitch: Chain pitch refers to the distance between drive links on the chain. It is essential to match the chain pitch to your saw's drive sprocket. Common chain pitches include 1/4", 3/8" low profile, and 3/8" full size.

   

2. Gauge: Gauge refers to the thickness of the drive links. It should correspond to the width of the groove in your saw's guide bar. Common gauges include .043", .050", .058", and .063".

3. Number of Drive Links: The number of drive links determines the length of the chain. It should be long enough to wrap around the guide bar and engage with the drive sprocket. The correct length is typically specified in the chainsaw's user manual.

Maintaining Your Saw Chain

Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the optimal performance and longevity of your saw chain. Here are some key maintenance tips:

1. Sharpening: Chainsaws require regular sharpening to maintain their cutting efficiency. Use a chain saw file or a power sharpener to sharpen the teeth to the correct angle.

2. Oiling: Chainsaw chains must be lubricated to reduce friction and prevent overheating. Use a dedicated chainsaw oil that is applied to the chain regularly.

3. Cleaning: Dirt and debris can accumulate on the chain and hinder its performance. Clean the chain periodically using a degreaser or kerosene.

Troubleshooting Common Chain Problems

Despite proper maintenance, chainsaw chains can experience issues that may affect their performance. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

1. Chain Not Cutting: A dull chain or improper tension can cause the chain to fail to cut effectively. Sharpen the chain or adjust the tension as needed.

   

2. Chain Jumping Off the Bar: Excessive chain slack, worn drive sprockets, or a damaged guide bar can cause the chain to jump off the bar. Adjust chain tension, inspect the drive sprockets, and replace the guide bar if necessary.

3. Chain Kicking Back: Kickback occurs when the chain catches on an object and the saw is suddenly jerked backwards. This can be prevented by maintaining a firm grip on the saw and cutting with caution.

Effective Strategies for Using Saw Chains

To maximize the efficiency and safety of chainsaw operation, consider the following strategies:

1. Use Sharp Chains: A sharp chain ensures efficient cutting and reduces kickback risk.

2. Maintain Proper Tension: Correct chain tension is essential for smooth operation and minimizes chain wear.

3. Oil Regularly: Lubricating the chain prevents friction and prolongs its lifespan.

4. Cut Safely: Always wear protective gear and maintain a firm grip on the saw. Be aware of the surroundings and avoid cutting objects that may cause kickback.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid common mistakes that can damage saw chains or compromise safety:

1. Overtightening the Chain: Excessive chain tension can cause the saw to bind and damage drive components.

2. Undertightening the Chain: Loose chains may jump off the bar or wear prematurely.

3. Using Old or Worn Chains: Dull or damaged chains reduce cutting efficiency and increase kickback risk.

4. Cutting Nails or Metal: Chainsaws are designed for cutting wood only. Cutting metal can damage the chain and increase the risk of sparks.

Step-by-Step Approach to Replacing a Saw Chain

Replacing a saw chain involves following a few simple steps:

1. Remove the Old Chain: Loosen the chain tensioner and remove the old chain from the guide bar.

2. Mount the New Chain: Place the new chain onto the guide bar and engage it with the drive sprocket.

3. Adjust Chain Tension: Tighten the chain tensioner until the chain has approximately 1/4" of slack between the guide bar and the chain.

4. Lubricate the Chain: Apply chainsaw oil to the new chain before use.

Pros and Cons of Different Chain Types

Chisel Chains

Pros:

• Fast and efficient cutting
• Ideal for heavy-duty applications

Cons:

• More aggressive cutting action can increase kickback risk
• Requires more frequent sharpening

Semi-Chisel Chains

Pros:

• Smoother cut
• Less kickback risk
• Suitable for precision tasks

Cons:

• Slower cutting speed
• May not be ideal for heavy-duty applications

Crosscut Chains

Pros:

• Designed for cutting across the grain
• Ideal for firewood cutting and construction

Cons:

• Not as efficient for cutting with the grain
• Can be more challenging to sharpen

Table: Chain Pitch and Gauge Compatibility

Table: Chain Length and Number of Drive Links

| Guide Bar Length (Inches) | Number of Drive Links (1/4" Pitch) |
|---|---|---|
| 12" | 40 |
| 14" | 44 |
| 16" | 48 |
| 18" | 52 |
| 20" | 56 |

Table: Chain Sharpening Angles

Conclusion

Choosing the right chain, maintaining it properly, and being able to troubleshoot common issues are essential to ensuring the optimal performance and longevity of your chainsaw. By following the tips and guidelines outlined in this comprehensive guide, you can maximize the efficiency and safety of your chainsaw operations. Remember to always wear appropriate protective gear, be aware of your surroundings, and use your chainsaw responsibly.