Paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate are three commonly used over-the-counter medications that are often combined in a single preparation. This combination is frequently used to alleviate the symptoms of the common cold and flu.
Paracetamol: Inhibits the actions of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins. By blocking COX, paracetamol reduces inflammation and pain.
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride: Binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels, causing them to constrict and reduce blood flow. This effect helps to decongest the nasal passages and sinuses.
Chlorpheniramine Maleate: Blocks the effects of histamine by binding to histamine receptors in the body. This prevents histamine from triggering allergic reactions and reduces symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
This combination of medications is typically used to treat the following conditions:
The recommended dosage of this combination medication varies depending on the condition being treated and the patient's age and weight. It is important to follow the instructions on the medication label or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Adults and Children over 12:
Children 6 to 12:
It is not recommended to exceed the maximum daily dose of:
This combination medication can cause side effects, including:
This combination medication should not be used by individuals with the following conditions:
It is important to inform a healthcare professional about any underlying medical conditions or medications being taken before using this medication.
This combination medication can interact with various other medications, including:
Feature | Paracetamol | Phenylephrine Hydrochloride | Chlorpheniramine Maleate |
---|---|---|---|
Mechanism of Action | COX inhibitor | Alpha-adrenergic agonist | H1-antihistamine |
Primary Effects | Pain reliever, fever reducer | Decongestant, vasoconstrictor | Antihistamine, sedative |
Common Uses | Headache, muscle aches, arthritis, period pain | Nasal congestion, sinus pressure | Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes |
Dosage | 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours | 1 tablet every 4-6 hours | 1 tablet every 4-6 hours |
Maximum Daily Dose | 4 grams (4,000 mg) | 10 mg | 4 mg |
Side Effect | Paracetamol | Phenylephrine Hydrochloride | Chlorpheniramine Maleate |
---|---|---|---|
Nausea | Common | Less common | Common |
Vomiting | Common | Less common | Less common |
Dizziness | Common | Less common | Common |
Headache | Common | Less common | Less common |
Drowsiness | Common | Rare | Common |
Nervousness | Less common | Less common | Rare |
Skin rash | Less common | Rare | Less common |
Heart palpitations | Rare | Less common | Less common |
Blurred vision | Rare | Less common | Less common |
Difficulty urinating | Rare | Less common | Less common |
Medication | Interaction |
---|---|
Alcohol | Increased risk of liver damage with paracetamol |
Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin) | Increased risk of bleeding |
MAO inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine) | Dangerous increase in blood pressure |
Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline) | Increased risk of drowsiness |
Sarah: A 25-year-old woman with a cold experiences severe nasal congestion, headache, and muscle aches. She takes a combination of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate, and her symptoms improve significantly within a few hours. She continues to take the medication as directed for several days, and her cold resolves without complications.
John: A 40-year-old man with a history of high blood pressure takes this combination medication for a common cold. He experiences a sudden increase in blood pressure and heart palpitations. He discontinues the medication and seeks medical attention. The doctor confirms that the phenylephrine hydrochloride in the medication was responsible for his symptoms.
Maria: A 65-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis takes this combination medication for pain. She experiences nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. She is diagnosed with acute liver failure and requires hospitalization. The paracetamol in the medication was toxic to her damaged liver, leading to liver failure.
Paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate is a commonly used combination medication for the relief of cold and flu symptoms. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects
2024-08-01 02:38:21 UTC
2024-08-08 02:55:35 UTC
2024-08-07 02:55:36 UTC
2024-08-25 14:01:07 UTC
2024-08-25 14:01:51 UTC
2024-08-15 08:10:25 UTC
2024-08-12 08:10:05 UTC
2024-08-13 08:10:18 UTC
2024-08-01 02:37:48 UTC
2024-08-05 03:39:51 UTC
2024-09-07 03:55:07 UTC
2024-09-07 03:55:32 UTC
2024-09-24 06:18:06 UTC
2024-10-15 02:50:05 UTC
2024-09-30 02:05:43 UTC
2024-10-09 01:22:54 UTC
2024-10-19 01:33:05 UTC
2024-10-19 01:33:04 UTC
2024-10-19 01:33:04 UTC
2024-10-19 01:33:01 UTC
2024-10-19 01:33:00 UTC
2024-10-19 01:32:58 UTC
2024-10-19 01:32:58 UTC