Replace Wheel Bearing or Entire Hub: A Comprehensive Guide

Whether to replace only the wheel bearing or the entire hub assembly is a common dilemma faced by car owners. This article delves into the factors to consider when making this decision, offering guidance on symptoms, diagnostics, and repair options.

When to Replace a Wheel Bearing

A failing wheel bearing typically exhibits the following symptoms:

• Grinding or humming noise: This increases with speed and can be heard from the affected wheel.
• Wobbly or loose wheel: Due to excessive play in the bearing, the wheel may feel loose or move laterally when driving.
• Increased tire wear: Uneven tire wear can result from the misalignment caused by a faulty bearing.
• ABS or traction control issues: A misaligned wheel bearing can affect the sensors responsible for these safety systems.

When to Replace the Entire Hub Assembly

In some cases, it makes more sense to replace the entire hub assembly instead of just the wheel bearing. This may be necessary if:

• Excessive rust or corrosion: The hub assembly may be so compromised that a new bearing alone would not be effective.
• Damaged hub: The hub itself may be cracked or otherwise damaged, requiring replacement.
• ABS sensor issues: A faulty ABS sensor that is integrated into the hub assembly may necessitate its replacement.

Factors to Consider

Deciding whether to replace the wheel bearing or hub assembly depends on several factors:

• Cost: Replacing the entire hub assembly is typically more expensive than just the wheel bearing, but it may save labor costs if the hub is severely damaged.
• Labor: Replacing a wheel bearing requires specialized tools and expertise, while changing the hub assembly is typically less labor-intensive.
• Availability: Some vehicles have wheel bearings that are integrated into the hub assembly, making it necessary to replace the entire unit.

Diagnostic Tests

To determine the best course of action, a mechanic will typically perform the following tests:

• Visual inspection: The wheel and hub are examined for signs of damage or play.
• Sound analysis: A stethoscope or listening device is used to pinpoint the location of the noise.
• Load test: The wheel is loaded with weight to check for excessive play or looseness.

Replacing the Wheel Bearing

If only the wheel bearing needs to be replaced, the following steps are involved:

• Remove the wheel: The lug nuts are loosened and the wheel is removed.
• Remove the brake caliper: The caliper is unbolted and lifted off the rotor.
• Remove the hub assembly: The bolts or nuts holding the hub assembly are removed and the assembly is pulled off the spindle.
• Press out the old bearing: A hydraulic press or specialized tool is used to remove the old bearing from the hub assembly.
• Install the new bearing: The new bearing is pressed into the hub assembly.
• Reassemble the hub assembly: The hub assembly is placed back on the spindle and the bolts or nuts are tightened.
• Reattach the brake caliper: The brake caliper is bolted back into place.
• Reinstall the wheel: The wheel is put back on and the lug nuts are tightened.

Replacing the Hub Assembly

Replacing the entire hub assembly involves the following steps:

• Remove the wheel: The lug nuts are loosened and the wheel is removed.
• Disconnect the brake line: The brake line is disconnected from the hub assembly.
• Remove the ABS sensor (if applicable): The ABS sensor is unplugged and removed from the hub assembly.
• Remove the hub assembly: The bolts or nuts holding the hub assembly are removed and the assembly is pulled off the spindle.
• Install the new hub assembly: The new hub assembly is placed on the spindle and the bolts or nuts are tightened.
• Connect the brake line: The brake line is reconnected to the hub assembly.
• Reinstall the ABS sensor (if applicable): The ABS sensor is plugged back into the hub assembly.
• Reinstall the wheel: The wheel is put back on and the lug nuts are tightened.

Benefits of Replacing the Wheel Bearing or Hub Assembly

Replacing a faulty wheel bearing or hub assembly offers several benefits, including:

• Improved safety: A properly functioning wheel bearing or hub assembly ensures smooth and stable wheel rotation, reducing the risk of accidents.
• Reduced tire wear: Misaligned wheels due to a faulty bearing can cause uneven tire wear, leading to premature replacement.
• Enhanced handling: A well-aligned wheel bearing or hub assembly improves vehicle handling and cornering stability.
• Better fuel economy: Reduced rolling resistance from proper wheel alignment can contribute to improved fuel efficiency.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When replacing a wheel bearing or hub assembly, it is important to avoid the following mistakes:

• Using aftermarket parts of poor quality: Inferior quality bearings or hub assemblies may fail prematurely.
• Overtightening the axle nut: This can damage the bearing and lead to premature failure.
• Failing to properly torque the lug nuts: Loose lug nuts can cause the wheel to come off while driving.
• Ignoring the need for an alignment: After replacing the wheel bearing or hub assembly, an alignment is crucial to ensure proper wheel alignment and tire wear.

Effective Strategies for Preventing Wheel Bearing or Hub Assembly Problems

To prolong the life of wheel bearings and hub assemblies, consider the following strategies:

• Regular maintenance: Periodically inspecting wheel bearings and hub assemblies for signs of wear or damage can help identify potential problems early.
• Avoid overloading the vehicle: Excessive weight can put undue stress on wheel bearings and hub assemblies.
• Drive carefully on rough roads: Potholes and other road hazards can damage wheel bearings and hub assemblies.
• Use quality tires and have them properly aligned: Balanced and properly inflated tires reduce uneven stress on wheel bearings.

Tips and Tricks for a Successful Replacement

For a successful wheel bearing or hub assembly replacement, follow these tips:

• Use the right tools: Specialized tools, such as a hydraulic press, are necessary for proper bearing removal and installation.
• Clean the components: Thoroughly clean the hub assembly and spindle before installing new parts.
• Apply grease: Grease the new bearing before installing it on the spindle.
• Tighten the axle nut to the specified torque: Overtightening can damage the bearing.
• Get an alignment: After replacing the wheel bearing or hub assembly, an alignment is essential to ensure proper wheel alignment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: How often should I replace my wheel bearings or hub assemblies?
A: The lifespan of wheel bearings and hub assemblies varies depending on driving conditions and vehicle usage. Generally, they should be inspected every 50,000-75,000 miles and replaced as needed.

Q: Can I replace a wheel bearing or hub assembly myself?
A: While possible, replacing a wheel bearing or hub assembly requires specialized tools and knowledge. It is recommended to have this work performed by a qualified mechanic.

Q: How much does it cost to replace a wheel bearing or hub assembly?
A: The cost of replacing a wheel bearing or hub assembly varies depending on the vehicle, labor costs, and the severity of the issue. On average, it can range from $200 to $800 per wheel.

Q: What are the signs of a bad wheel bearing or hub assembly?
A: Symptoms of a failing wheel bearing or hub assembly include grinding or humming noise, wobbly or loose wheel, uneven tire wear, and ABS or traction control issues.

Q: Can I drive with a bad wheel bearing or hub assembly?
A: It is not recommended to drive with a bad wheel bearing or hub assembly as it can cause further damage to the vehicle and lead to safety concerns.

Q: What is the difference between a wheel bearing and a hub assembly?
A: A wheel bearing is a precision component that supports the wheel and allows it to rotate smoothly. A hub assembly is a larger component that includes the wheel bearing, as well as other components such as the ABS sensor and brake rotor.